XML

Complete the following activities for practice with the eXtensible Markup Language (XML).

Syntax

Identify the two XML errors in each of the following examples and correct them. (solutions)

1. <?xml version="1.0"?>
   
   <bookstore>
     <book category="CHILDREN">
       <title>Harry Potter</title>
       <Author>J K. Rowling</author>
       <year>2005</year>
       <price>29.99</price>
     </book>
     <book category=WEB>
       <title>Learning XML</title>
       <author>Eric T. Ray</author>
       <year>2003</year>
       <price>39.95</price>
     </book>
   </bookstore>
   

   1. Element names are case sensitive – <Author> should be <author>
   2. Attribute values must be quoted – category="WEB"

2. <?xml version="1.0"?>
   
   <book category="CHILDREN">
     <title>Harry Potter</title>
     <author>J K. Rowling</author>
     <year>2005</year>
     <price>29.99</price>
   </book>
   <book category="WEB">
     <title>Learning XML</title>
     <author>Eric T. Ray & John S. Green</author>
     <year>2003</year>
     <price>39.95</price>
   </book>
   

   1. XML documents must have a single root element
   2. XML entities (i.e., &) must be escaped – &

3. <?xml version="1.0"?>
   
   <bookstore>
   <book category="CHILDREN">
     <title>Harry Potter</title>
     <author>J K. Rowling</author>
     <year>2005<month>August</year></month>
     <price>29.99</price>
   </bookstore>
   

   1. XML tags must be closed – missing </book> before </bookstore>
   2. XML tags must be nested correctly – close year tag before month

Design

Design an XML document to track a triathlon race. Racers have a number, first name, last name, and race times for swimming, biking, and running.